Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often referred to as "forever chemicals", pose a major public health and environmental challenge in Europe. PFAS persist in the environment for decades, accumulate in humans and wildlife, and are associated with a range of adverse health effects, including weakened immune responses, certain cancers, altered liver function, and developmental impacts. Despite growing evidence of harm, more than half of Europeans were estimated to be exposed to key PFAS at levels exceeding health-based guidance values.
This policy brief highlights important gaps in current legislation. While regulatory action has increased in recent years, existing measures cover only a limited number of PFAS and applications, leaving significant gaps in protection. Based on findings from JA PreventNCD's mapping and analysis of PFAS legislative frameworks, the brief calls for a coordinated European approach to prevent further emissions and reduce human exposure.
The policy brief presents four key recommendations: adopt and implement a universal PFAS restriction in the EU, apply a strict essential-use framework, expand regulatory limits and harmonise monitoring, and strengthen international agreements and import controls. Action is needed now to protect health and stop PFAS from building up further in the environment.